Roosmalen et al., 2002
Callicebus bernhardi
Type locality: West bank of the lower Rio Aripuanã, at the edge of the settlement of Nova Olinda, 41 km southwest of the town of Novo Aripuanã, Amazonas state, Brazil. This region is located in south-central Amazonia, south of Rio Amazonas and east of Rio Madeira. Coordinates for the type locality are: 05°30’63”S, 60°24’61”W. Altitude 45 m. The holotype is a complete adult skeleton and skull of unknown sex, found on the forest floor. The specimen apparently died from natural causes and was collected by M. G. M. van Roosmalen in November 1998. It was deposited as INPA no. 3929 in the Mammal Collection of the National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Paratypes: In 1996, two juvenile males were obtained alive along the Rio Mariepauá at Santa Cruz, not far from its confluence with the Rio Madeira, and were kept in M. G. M. van Roosmalen’s BreedingCenter for Endangered Amazonian Monkeys in Manaus, Brazil. They died in April and August 2001 and are deposited as INPA no. 4029 and INPA no. 4033, respectively, in the Mammal Collection of the National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
Distribution: Interfluve delineated by the Rios Madeira-Jí-Paraná and Rios Aripuanã-Roosevelt, in the states of Amazonas and Rondônia, Brazil. In Rondônia, the species is parapatric in the west with C. brunneus along the entire Rio Jí-Paraná, and in the east with C. cinerascens along the Rio Roosevelt; in Amazonas, the species is parapatric with C. dubius in the west along the middle Rio Madeira, and with C. cinerascens in the east along the Rio Aripuanã. Ferrari et al. (1996) observed a grey titi monkey at Pimenta Bueno in Rondônia, on the west bank of the Rio Ji-Paraná. They noted that it was not the distinctively brown-coloured C. brunneus and were unable to identify it. It may have been C. bernhardi, which would extend its range a little to the west across the upper the Rio Ji-Paraná, but this requires confirmation. This species has been observed in the wild by M.G.M. van Roosmalen at the following localities: west bank of lower Rio Aripuanã, Nova Olinda, Amazonas state, 05°30’01”S, 60°24’27.4”W; west bank of lower Rio Aripuanã, Monte Alegre, Reserva Florestal Getal, 05°34’68”S, 60°23’40”W; west bank of lower Rio Aripuanã, Novo Oriente (Capimtuba), 05°43’41”S, 60°17’09”W; east bank of middle Rio Madeira, seringal São Luis, ca. 5 km south of the town of Manicoré, 05°50’28”S, 61°18’19”W, altitude 45 m.
Description: Upper and outer surface of head, trunk, and limbs greyish black, on the back mixed with brownish agouti or red-brown; forehead not defined from crown, greyish black to grey; ears black with conspicuous whitish tufts; sideburns, under parts of body, and inner side of limbs sharply contrasted dark orange; cheiridia sharply contrasted white against greyish black lower limbs; tail black except for a sharply contrasted white pencil. Distinguished from C. cinerascens by uniformly dark orange instead of greyish sideburns and inner sides limbs, chest, and belly, and tail with white pencil; from C. brunneus by greyish instead of dark brown to black forehead and crown, and dark orange sideburns, inner sides of limbs, chest, and belly; from C. hoffmannsi and C. baptista by strikingly contrasting white ear tufts, cheiridia and tip of the tail (pencil); from C. moloch by greyish forehead and crown, white ear tufts, and blackish tail with a distinct white pencil; from C. dubius by lack of black vibrissae and white blaze.
Description of holotype: Forehead, crown, sides of body, and outer sides of limbs greyish; rump, mid-dorsum, back, and nape greyish mixed with brownish agouti to reddish brown, the hairs 5 cm long, with 5 blackish bands alternating with 4 narrow brownish agouti to red-brown ones, the most proximal (2 cm long) and the distal one (tip) black; face black with some white hairs around mouth and nostrils; ears black with white tufts contrasted with light greyish forehead and crown; tail ca. 55 cm long, the distal 7 cm forming a white pencil.
Stepp, 2003
Callicebus bernhardi
Locality:a 50 ha reserve adjoining the Floresta Amazonica Hotel in Alta Floresta, about five minutes from the airport, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Almeida Noronha, et al., 2007
Callicebus cinerascens
Distribution:During both trips we observed C. cinerascens repeatedly along the banks of the Rios Sucundurí and Abacaxis, close to the left bank of the Rio Tapajós and the right bank of the Rio Bararatí (see map with 24 localities). These new occurrence records extend the eastern limit of C. cinerascens’ range beyond that proposed by van Roosmalen and colleagues (2002). We now predict that this species’ range should extend north to the Rio Paraná do Urariá, east to the left bank of the Rio Abacaxis and the left bank of the upper Rio Tapajós, west as far as the right bank of the Rio Madeira, and south to the corridor formed between the Rios Aripuanã-Roosevelt and Tapajós-Juruena, in the states of Amazonas and Mato Grosso. The most southerly record is Otoho on the right bank of the Rio Roosevelt in Mato Grosso (see map).
Remarks: During this study we found no overlap between the range of C. cinerascens range and that of any other species of Callicebus, suggesting that this species is parapatric with its sister taxa, C. hoffmannsi, C. baptista and C. bernhardi. While interviewing a resident of a community on the left bank of the Rio Tapajós (06°34'S, 58°28'W), near the Rio Palmares in the municipality of Maués, Amazonas State, we discovered that a grey titi monkey with light spots on its throat occurs in the area. It is possible that this is C. hoffmannsi (van Roosmalen et al., 2002) and that the Rio Palmares represents the eastern limit for C. cinerascens and serves as a point of contact between the two species.
Reis Monçâo et al., 2008
Callicebus bernhardi
Distribution: West of the Río Yparaná, Alto Alegre dos Parecis (12º07’41’’S, 61º51’02’’O), Pimenta Bueno (11°36’30”S, 61°09’49”O) and Cacoal (11°24’13”S, 61°27’47”O).
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