Vieira, 1952
Callicebus cupreus acreanus
Type locality: Iquiri, Acre.
Description: This form differs from the typical race Callicebus cupreus cupreus, in not showing a reddish colouration on the head and back, and has the tail much darker on almost the total length.
Approaches the colour of Callicebus cupreus egeria from Tefé, right bank of the Solimoes, but differs essentially by not showing the fingers of the hands and the feet yellowish-white. Face naked, completely black, with black bristles on cheeks and around mouth, frontal hairs dark brown, black at the base. Hairs of neck, shoulders, back, external face of thighs and base of tail, brown-grey, slightly washed with light ochre.
Sides of the head and chin covered with vivid coppery hairs, throat, chest, belly and inner sides of limbs the same colour, but darker on inside of thighs. Hands and feet the same colour. Base of tail the same colour as the back, becoming greyish-white at the end.
Measurements: total length 730mm; tail 420mm; foot 90mm.
Skull: total length, 64; zygomatic width, 40; breadth of braincase, 35; length of upper molar series, 15; interorbital, 6.
Vieira, 1955
Callicebus cupreus acreanus
Synonym: Callicebus cupreus acreanus (Vieira, 1952).
Distribution: Region bordered between Bolivia and Acre territory.
Cabrera, 1958
Callicebus cupreus toppini
Synonyms: Callithrix cuprea (Goeldi, 1904); Callicebus toppini (Thomas, 1914); Callicebus cupreus acreanus (Cruz Lima, 1945).
Distribution: South-eastern Peru, in the part adjacent of the Acre territory of Brasil and Bolivia and including these territories.
Remarks: In the original description of the locality of the type there is a mistake that can cause confusion. The TahuamanuRiver is not in the North-east, as indicated, and fortunately the exact coordinates have also been given.
Hill, 1960
Callicebus cupreus acreanus
Type locality: Iquiri, Acre territory, Brazil. Type in Sao PauloMuseum.
Distribution: Boundary region between Bolivia and Acre territory of eastern Brazil.
Description: Differing from typical cupreus in lacking the reddish wash on top of head and upper parts, also by the much duskier tinge of the dorsum of the tail throughout its length. Approximately in colour to C. c. egeria except for the absence of the yellowish-white tinge on the fingers and toes.
Face naked, entirely black, but sparse black bristles as in typical cupreus occur, also whitish hairs around muzzle; frontal band dusky brownish, the hairs with black bases. Hairs of nape, shoulders, back and lateral aspects of limbs and root of tail ashy-brown lightly washed with pale ochraceous. Sides of head to chin with bright coppery-red hairs; throat, chest, belly and medial aspects of limbs similar; tail basally similar to back, distally becoming ashy-white.
Measurements: Head and body 310mm; tail 420mm; foot 90mm.
Skull: see measurements in publication.
Hershkovitz, 1963
Callicebus moloch brunneus
Synonyms: Callithrix brunnea (Wagner, 1842); Callithrix brunnea (Wagner, 1848); Callithrix castaneoventris (Gray, 1866), Callicebus toppini (Thomas, 1914); Callicebus olallae (Lönnberg, 1939); Callicebus modestus (Lönnberg, 1939); Callicebus cupreus acreanus (Vieira, 1952); Callithrix cuprea (Goeldi and Hagman, 1904); Callicebus caligatus (Osgood – not Wagner -, 1916).
Type locality:Brazil, subsequently specified as Cachoeira da Bananeira, Rio Mamoré, upper Rio Madeira, State of Guaporé. The distributional pattern of the race, however, indicates that the type almost certainly originated on the Bolivian side of the river (Rio Mamoré) in the department of Beni. Four cotypes in ViennaMuseum.
Distribution: The upper Rio Madeira and Rio Purus basins in Acre and Guaporé (Lower Rio Guaporé), Brazil, the departments of Madre de Dios, Puno and Cusco, Peru, thence east to the Rio Beni in the department of Beni, Bolivia. Altitudinal range from approximately 100 to 650 meters above sea level.
Description: (key to species:) general body colour grey, reddish or brown; under parts like back or sharply defined reddish orange or buff; hind feet black, brown, red or grey, tail grey or blackish with tip grey or grey mixed with black; throat like chest; forearms grey, red, dark brown sometimes blackish above; upper surface of hands grey to blackish never sharply contrasted with colour of upper side of wrists.
Forehead grey sometimes edged with black or dominantly black to blackish brown and always well defined from posterior half of crown and nape, outer side of forearms grizzled or more or less uniformly reddish to dark brown. Forehead blackish; under parts of body reddish brown or blackish brown and not always well defined from sides; forearms chestnut, reddish brown or blackish; tail grey, dark brown or blackish. Under parts brownish or reddish brown never well defined from sides; forearms dark brown to blackish; tail dominantly black or dark brownish at least on basal two thirds.
Measurements: see table in publication.
Remarks: the original description of castaneoventris, toppini, olallae, modestus and acreanus, all from the same general area, are based on vague comparisons with cupreus only. No mention was made of other related forms although Lönnberg did attempt to distinguish his modestus from his olallae described in the same paper. It is not surprising therefore, that all should prove equally distinct from cupreus and equal to each other, or brunneus, the oldest available name.
Cabrera (1958) sank acreanus in the synonymy of toppini, where it undoubtly belongs except that brunneus is the prior name for the titis of this region.
Specimens examined:
Brazil – Guaporé: Porto Velho.
Peru – Cusco: Huaijumbe, Marcapata; Madre de Dios: Itahuania; Puno: Condamo.
Hershkovitz, 1990
Callicebus cupreus cupreus
Synonyms: Callithrix cuprea (Spix, 1823); Callicebus egeria (Thomas, 1908); Callicebus toppini (Thomas, 1914); Callicebus acreanus (Vieira, 1952); Callithrix discolor (I. Geoffroy, 1851 – part).
Type Locality:RioSolimoes, Brazil, near the Peruvian boundary; restricted to Tabatinga by Hershkovitz (1963a, p. 36), but should be Rio Solimoes opposite Tabatinga because the species does not occur on the north bank or Tabatinga side of the Solimoes. Restriction of the type locality of Callicebus cupreus Spix to the "Peruvian Amazonas" by Thomas (1908, p. 90) is not valid. The types originated in Brazil. Lectotype in the Zoologische Staatssammlung, München.
Distribution: South bank of the Amazonas-Solimoes from the left bank of the Rio Purus, Amazonas, Brazil, west to the east bank of the Rio Ucayali, in Loreto and northern Ucayali, Peru, south in the Rio Purus basin in Acre, Brazil, Loreto, and Madre de Dios, Peru; altitudinal range to approximately 200 m above sea level. Specimens in the AmericanMuseum of Natural History from Rio Urubamba and from Sarayacu may have been collected elsewhere.
Description: Sideburns, legs, and under parts uniformly reddish contrasting with buffy agouti of upper and outer sides of trunk and crown; forehead like crown but usually with blackish fringe formed by superciliary vibrissae and bases of marginal hairs.
Measurements: See publication.
Comparisons: Distinguished from Callicebus cupreus ornatus and nearly all C. c. discolor by absence of contrastingly pale transverse frontal blaze; however, a few dominantly whitish frontal hairs sometimes present; from C. c. ornatus and C. oenanthe by uniformly reddish arms and cheiridia; from C. caligatus and C. brunneus by entire crown buffy to orange agouti, cheiridia reddish; from all other forms of Callicebus by one or more of the above characters.
Specimens Examined: Total 130.
Brazil - Acre: Iquiri (holotype of acraensis); Manoel Urbano; Sao Luiz da Mamoria; Sena Madureira; Amazonas: Aiapua; Eirunepe; Fonte Boa; Igarape Gordao; Itaboca; Jaburu; Joao Pessoa; Pauini; Porta da Castanha, Tefe; Rio Jurua; Santa Cruz; Santo Antonio; Tefe (holotype of egeria).
Peru - Loreto: Balta; Cashiboya; Cerro Azul; Orosa; Pavas; Madre de Dios: Rio Inuya; Rio Tapiche; Rio Yavari; "Sarayacu,"; Tahuamanu (holotype of toppini); Ucayali: "Rio Urubamba,".
Groves, 2001
Callicebus cupreus
Synonyms: Callithrix cuprea (Spix, 1823); Callithrix caligata (Wagner, 1842); Callithrix discolor (I. Geoffroy and Deville, 1848); Callithrix castaneoventris (Gray, 1866); Callithrix cuprea leucometopus (Cabrera, 1900); Callicebus subrufus (1907); Callicebus ustofuscus (Elliot, 1907); Callicebus egeria (Thomas, 1908); Callicebus paenulatus (Elliot, 1909); Callicebus toppinii (Thomas, 1914); Callicebus cupreus napoleon (Lönnberg, 1922); Callicebus rutteri (Thomas, 1923); Callicebus cupreus acreanus (Vieira, 1952) and Callicebus dubius (Hershkovitz, 1988).
Distribution: South of the Napo-Solimoes, from the Rio Purus-Ituxi to the Andes; Hernandez-Camacho and Cooper (1976) mapped it as far north as the southern bank of the Rio Guamues, in extreme southern Colombia. A population on the Rio Sucusari, a lower left-bank tributary of Rio Napo, was reported by Brooks and Pando-Vasquez (1997).
Description: Hairs have a long maroon-brown base, a straw-coloured band, a black band, another straw band, and sometimes a black tip. Hands and feet red. Tail brindled (hairs have straw-coloured base, long blackish shaft, straw tip). Crown agouti, becoming black anteriorly for various distances, but including forehead; sideburns reddish or orange; a white brown band variably present. Underside sharply marked reddish or orange, this tone extending to sides of the neck and inner surface of limbs; hands and feet reddish to whitish.
| 
